Fracture of Ice Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Fracture of Ice - Term Paper ExampleIce consists of hydrogen and oxygen atoms. weewee molecule has four nearest neighbors arranged near the vert applesauces of regular tetrahedron centered about the molecule of interest. atomic number 8 atom of each molecule is strongly covalent bonded to two hydrogen atoms while molecules are run-down hydrogen bonded to each other. Like any other crystalline solid, ice is subject to stress undergoes elastic windation returning to its original shape when the stress ceases or stops. If the shear stress or top executive is applied to a sample of ice for a long time, the sample will first de institute plastically with permanent alteration of shape or simply change in shape. Plastic torture or creep is of rather great importance in the study of glacier flow. It involves generally processes like intra-crystalline sailplaning in which layers inwardly an ice crystal shear parallel to each other without destroying the continuity.During an ice coord inate interaction, area of high pressure form (HPZs). The HPZs are not linearly distributed across the area of interaction and varies in intensity and location in respect with time. Their formation is critical in evolution of interaction. When HPZs form near the edge of an ice sheet, they can precipitate large-scale fracture and sparling events. This hence reduces both(prenominal) load felt by the structure and ice sheet. Formation of the HPZs causes creation of layer damage. This layer contains exquisite grains that are as a result of a combination of processes such as recrystallization and micro-cracking. Pre-existing flaws within the ice may also play a role in scale effect. In nature, ice contains many flaws which may either be in form of large cracks and leads, entrained air bubbles or unranked and irregular grain size as well as composition.Point defects- Hydrogen and oxygen depend to have the same diffusion coefficient in ice, implying that the